Gurm
Char

Symbols
used in
romanization

Examples of Pronunciation

ਅ

A/a

ago, abroad,achieve,adopt,agree, alone, banana.

ਆ

Aa/aa

Aah, army, archive, art, Aalii.

ਇ

I/i

It, Islam, Israel, if, image, is.

ਈ

Ee/ee

Eel, eagle, eat, ego.

ਉ

U/u

Uttar Pradesh.

ਊ

Oo/oo

Ooty, oof, ooblast.

ਏ

É/é

Able, age, aim.

ਐ

Æ/æ

At, as, apple, angry.

ਓ

O/o

Oak, oath, oatmeal, oriental, oatmeal.

ਔ

Ou/ou

Out, ounce, outer.

ਸ

S/s

source, less, simple, some.

ਹ

H/h

hat, head, hand, happy.

ਕ

K/k

kin, cook, ache, kick, cat.

ਖ

Kʰ/kʰ

Deep palatal sound of k as in Khaki (a yellowish color), Khomeni (Ayatula). German ich, Buch.

ਗ

G/g

go, big, gift, gag, game

ਘ

Gʰ/gʰ

Deep palatal sound of 'g' is something like in ghost.

ਙ

Ǹ/ǹ

Must be learnt. Something likes in junction.

ਚ

Ch/ch

chin, nature, church, chane.

ਛ

Chʰ/chʰ

Like sh in shin, and in President Xi.

ਜ

J/j

job, gem, edge, join, judge.

ਝ

Jʰ/jʰ

Deep labial sound of ‘j’.

ਞ

Ñ/ñ

Must be learnt (something like in ginger).

ਟ

T/t

tie, attack, tin, tap.

ਠ

Tʰ/tʰ

thug.

ਡ

D/d

did, adder, deed, dam, double.

ਢ

Dʰ/dʰ

Deep palatal sound of ‘d’.

ਣ

Ņ/ṇ

Must be learnt.

ਤ

Ṫ/ṫ

Must be learnt.

ਥ

Ṫʰ/ṫʰ

thin, thick, three, ether.

ਦ

Ḋ/ḋ

the, then, either, this, there.

ਧ

Ḋʰ/ḋʰ

Deep labial sound of ‘the’.

ਨ

N/n

no, own, sudden, nib, number.

ਪ

P/p

pepper, lip, pit, paper.

ਫ

F/f

fifty, cuff, phase, rough, fit, foot, fur.

ਬ

B/b

baby, rib, bib, button.

ਭ

Bʰ/bʰ

Deep palatal sound of ‘b’.

ਮ

M/m

mum, murmur, dim, nymph.

ਯ

Y/y

yard, young, union.

ਰ

R/r

red, car, rarity, rose.

ਲ

L/l

lily, pool, lid, needle, lamb.

ਵ

V/v

vivid, give, live.

ੜ

Ṛ/ṛ

Deep palatal sound of ‘r’.

ਸ਼

Sʰ/sʰ

shy, mission, machine, special.

ਖ਼

Ķʰ/ḳʰ

Deep vocal sound of ‘kh’.

ਗ਼

Ġ/ġ

Deep vocal sound of ‘g’.

ਜ਼

Z/z

zone, raise, zebra, xylem.

ਫ਼

Ƒ/ḟ

Deep labial sound of ‘f’.

ਲ਼

Ļ/ḷ

Deep palatal sound of ‘l’.

H

h

Same as ‘h’ (devoid of ‘a’).

ੑ

h

Same as ‘h’ (devoid of ‘a’).

  ç

ch

Same as ‘ch’ (devoid of ‘a’).

†

t

Same as ‘t’ (devoid of ‘a’).

  œ

ṫ

Same as ‘ṫ’ (devoid of ‘a’).

  ˜

n

Same as ‘n’ (devoid of ‘a’).

ੵ

y

Same as ‘y’ (devoid of ‘a’).

  R

r

Same as ‘r’ (devoid of ‘a’).

  Í

v

Same as ‘v’ (devoid of ‘a’).

ਾ

aa

bother, cot, father, cart, palm.

ਿ

i

tip, banish, active, pit, it, give.

ੀ

ee

nosebleed, bee, feed, beat.

ੁ

u

bull, pull, full, cure hood, book

ੂ

oo

cool, pool, boot, tool, rule.

ੇ

é

ray, say, day, hay, bay.

ੈ

æ

mat, map, bad, lad, glad, rat, bat.

ੋ

o

bone, know, toe, note, go.

ੌ

ou

out, pound, loud.

ਂ

ᶰ/ⁿ

indicates that a preceding vowel or diphthong is pronounced with the nasal passages open, as in French un bon vln blanc.

ੰ

ᶰ/ⁿ/m

indicates that a preceding vowel or diphthong is pronounced with the nasal passages open, as in French un bon vln blanc or a short sound of ‘m’ such as in lamb, nymph.

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